Anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity studies of hydroalcoholic extract of Herissantia tiubae

ABSTRACT Hydroalcoholic extract of aerial parts of Herissantia tiubae (K. Schum.) Brizicky, Malvaceae, was evaluated in experimental models of inflammation and toxicity. For toxicity assays, male and female Swiss mice were orally treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (2000 mg/kg) and analyzed by consumption of water and food, body weight, mortality and rates of major organ weights, as well as biochemical and hematological indexes. For anti-inflammatory effect, phlogistic agents such as carrageenan or acetic acid were used to evaluate paw edema, cell migration and cytokine production. It was also investigated the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae in RAW 264.7 macrophage lineage by nitric oxide and cytokine productions. Swiss mice treated with hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae showed low toxicity and (50 or 100 mg/kg) was able to reduce significantly (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) polymorphonuclear cell migration, TNF-α and IL-1β production in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis. However the hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae (50, 100 or 200 mg/kg) did not reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema. Additionally, hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae did not present cytotoxicity at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25 or 50 µg/ml but induced significantly decrease of NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in macrophage lineage. This study suggests that hydroalcoholic extract of H. tiubae has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting cell migration mainly by decreasing the inflammatory cytokine levels at the inflamed site independently of the anti-edematogenic effect.

Cryptococcus neoformans varieties isolated from patients with aids referred to a hospital of São Paulo city during 1996-1999

Cryptococcus neoformans é uma levedura capsulada que apresenta tropismo pelo sistema nervoso central causando meningoencefalite. É a micose mais freqüente em pacientes com AIDS, e é responsável pela alta morbidade e mortalidade. Há duas variedades: var. neoformans e var. gattii. C. neoformans var.neoformans está distribuído mundialmente e é comumente encontrado em fezes de aves, principalmente de pombo. C. neoformans var. gattii está geograficamente limitado a regiões tropicais e subtropicais e está associado a algumas espécies de árvores, principalmente, Eucalyptus sp. A proposta desse estudo foi de avaliar a prevalência das variedades de Cryptococcus neoformans isoladas de 452 amostras de líquido cefalorraquiano (LCR) provenientes de 183 pacientes com AIDS, internados no Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas – São Paulo-SP, de 1996 a...

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast that presents tropism for central nervous system, and causes meningoencephalitis. Cryptococcosis is the most frequent mycosis in patients with AIDS, and itis the cause of high morbidity and mortality. C. neoformans presents two varieties var. neoformans andvar. gattii. Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans has been world-wide isolated from avian feces, especially pigeon excreta. C. neoformans var. gattii is geographically restricted to tropical and subtropical regions, and it is associated with some trees species, mainly Eucalyptus sp. The proposal of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties isolated from 452 cerebrospinalfluid (CSF) samples from 183 patients with AIDS referred to the Instituto de Infectologia Emilio Ribas- São Paulo-SP, from 1996 to 1999. CSF samples were cultured on canavanine-glycine-bromothymolblue...

A uniform & unified system for ophthalmic microsurgery

Apresentamos um novo sistema unificado e aperfeiçoado para microcirurgia ocular, o qual pode utilizar todos os tipos de instrumentos disponíveis atualmente para a cirurgia tanto do segmento anterior quanto do posterior. Os aparelhos dispostos de uma forma modular e compacta säo controlados por apenas um pedal com múltiplas funçöes o qual é ligado a um seletor que permite o uso de dois aparelhos simultaneamente. As caracteristicas básicas e vantagens práticas tanto do sistema como dos aparelhos modificados säo descritas

Instrumentacao basica em vitrectomia via pars plana. / Basic instrumentation in vitrectomy via pars plana

As funcoes basicas dos instrumentos para vitrectomia via pars plana sao apresentadas em diversos aparelhos. A selecao de um determinado equipamento deve considerar fatores como qualidade, eficacia, combinacao com acessorios, metodo de esterilizacao, manutencao e custo. Como ainda nao existe um sistema ideal para vitrectomia via pars plana deve-se considerar que a maioria dos aparelhos pode ser utilizada com seguranca atraves do conhecimento das vantagens e desvantagens de cada tipo de instrumental